Pembalasan Setimpal (Lex Talionis) dalam Kitab Obaja: Telaah Teologis terhadap Konsep Keadilan Allah

Maria Evvy Yanti; Seno Lamsir

doi:10.47543/efata.v11i2.220

Pembalasan Setimpal (Lex Talionis) dalam Kitab Obaja: Telaah Teologis terhadap Konsep Keadilan Allah

Maria Evvy Yanti, Seno Lamsir

Abstract

The Book of Obadiah is the shortest book among the minor prophets, with various interpretations, especially in interpreting the principle of lex talionis in Obadiah 1:15b. Different approaches certainly produce diverse theologies. For example, some interpret the prophetic theology of lex talionis as the context of God's judgment on the Edomites. Some write that the principle of lex talionis is the basis for punishment for the Edomites, and the evidence shows that Edom's actions that bring evil to Israel will be repaid with the same suffering. There is also an opinion that prophetic theology, as exemplified in the tradition of lex talionis and Obadiah 1:15b, encompasses not only vengeance but also God's justice, His faithfulness to His people, and a warning to nations that commit evil. The purpose of writing this article is to undertake a study of the practice of lex talionis in Obadiah 1:15b as a form of God's justice. The method used is the analysis of prophetic theology through the interpretation of social history. The interpretation of lex talionis in Obadiah 1:15b reveals three key aspects: (1) the consequences of punishment for the nations' crimes, (2) the application of lex talionis as a manifestation of God's justice, and (3) salvation as the hope for those who endure punishment as a form of justice.

Abstrak
Kitab Obaja merupakan kitab terpendek di antara kitab nabi-nabi kecil dengan beragam penafsiran, khususnya dalam menafsirkan prinsip lex talionis, dalam Obaja 1:15b. Pendekatan yang berbeda tentu menghasilkan teologi yang beragam pula. Misalnya, ada yang menafsirkan bahwa teologi kenabian tentang lex talionis sebagai konteks penghakiman Allah atas bangsa Edom. Ada juga yang menuliskan bahwa prinsip lex talionis sebagai dasar hukuman bagi bangsa Edom dan ini menunjukkan bahwa tindakan Edom yang mendatangkan kejahatan bagi Israel akan dibalas dengan penderitaan yang sama. Terdapat pula pendapat bahwa teologi kenabian melalui tradisi lex talionis Obaja 1:15b bukan hanya tentang pembalasan, tetapi juga tentang keadilan Allah, kesetiaan-Nya kepada umat-Nya, dan peringatan bagi bangsa-bangsa yang berbuat jahat. Tujuan penulisan artikel ini ialah untuk menemukan telaah praktik lex talionis dalam Obaja 1:15b sebagai bentuk keadilan Allah. Metode yang digunakan ialah analisis teologi kenabian melalui tafsir sejarah sosial. Hasilnya ialah bahwa interpretasi lex talionis dalam Obaja 1:15b meliputi (1) konsekuensi hukuman bagi kejahatan bangsa-bangsa, (2) berlakunya prinsip lex talionis sebagai bentuk keadilan Allah, dan (3) adanya keselamatan sebagai pengharapan umat dibalik penghukuman yang dialami umat sebagai bentuk keadilan.

Keywords

God's justice; lex talionis; obadiah; punishment; salvation; keadilan Allah; keselamatan; lex talionis; obaja; penghukuman

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DOI: https://doi.org/10.47543/efata.v11i2.220

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